Lessons from Ketchup

by Shelly Lowenkopf

Ever wondered how words are like ketchup? You haven't? How about a clue? It has nothing to do with the red sauce being America's favorite vegetable. Shelly Lowenkopf shares his insights, culinary and literary. Reprinted from inkbyte.com.

There are times when trying to get words out is like trying to shake ketchup out of the bottle in a truck stop restaurant. Words and ketchup have each congealed, requiring the firm hand of discipline, applied according to Newton's First Law of Motion, in a place where it will do the most good.

There are times when words and ketchup, having been set in motion, spill forth with an audible glop, sending more of each in a cascade toward the intended target.

There are times when the right amount of each commodity come forth in seemingly smooth flow, but these times are rare, at least with me, lingering not so much as goals or even memories but rather as abstracts, ideals to be sought after as the Holy Grail was sought after, as the Maltese falcon was sought after, as the philosopher's stone was dreamed of.

Much of the time there are no words or insufficient words, words ringing with insincerity or the metallic tang of ignorance, just as there are places where ketchup is not looked upon with favor, where the very mention of it is enough to produce wrinkles of facial disapproval or, worse, wrinkles of brows, suggesting ketchup is déclassé.

Not to forget the times where there are too many words, carrying their meaning and even their intent on a metaphoric journey demonstrated in fact by the appearance of too much ketchup on a steak or side of fries. Any amount of ketchup on eggs is an entirely more serious transgression in the eyes of many.

Some of us go through the warp and woof of our days, trying to keep the orderly movement of words and ketchup in some balance, some enough-but-not-too-much formula. The serious study of words is help, keeping a tendency toward too many or too few in a healthy presence. Thanks to fast food and convenience-food restaurants, small amounts of ketchup are stored in foil or plastic packets.

How many words are enough? How much ketchup on, say, an order of French fries is enough? How many words are required to cause the eyes of the listener to glaze over, a sure sign of surfeit? How much ketchup is enough to dress French fries or serve as an adjunct to a steak?

Words in proper combination and with proper delivery can selectively attract, repel, anger, embarrass, explain, entertain, inspire. Ketchup can season, splatter, stain, make gurgling noises; even worse, ketchup can disgust. A washed-out ketchup bottle can serve as an emergency bud vase. Washed-out words don't help much with anything.

We can come to terms with words, eventually, but there are those who will never come to terms with ketchup.

(Copyright 2011, Shelly Lowenkopf)

Richard Walter: Hollywood Trends—A Recipe for Frustration and Failure in the Movie Business

The biggest mistake a writer can make is to pay attention to Hollywood trends. By Richard Walter

What is the trend today in Hollywood?

I'm standing smack-dab in the middle of the town and haven't a clue. As in algebra, however, let's say that there is a trend and let's call that trend 'X'.

It's too late to get in on that trend for the simple reason that it is the trend. If it is the trend today, it had to be in the pipe at least a year ago, and much more likely two or three or more years ago. To cash in on that trend by writing a script geared to it is to guarantee that by the time you go to market it's already old news, stale, pale, and so last year.

During a strike years ago, since no one could market to the studios, a huge pile of spec scripts were written by writers, some of them well established. The idea was to have the scripts ready to sell after the strike. When the strike finally settled, there was a flood of cop-buddy police action melodramas, which appeared to be the trend at the time the strike started. Two writers well known to me and the community, however, a husband-wife writing team, wrote a spec script representing the kind of movie nobody was making at the time: a period piece, a historical costume drama. Happily for them, it stood out above the rash of police thrillers. It caught the imagination and attention of studios and producers first of all because it was not merely another cop action melodrama. It promptly sold for a substantial price. In the meantime, dozens, indeed scores, perhaps hundreds of cop thrillers went into the shredder.

Perhaps twenty years ago I advised my screenwriting seminar commandos at UCLA not to outsmart themselves by trying to figure out the latest trend. I suggested they write the dumbest script they could think of. At that time nobody was buying or making westerns, and so I advised them to write a western. When it was ready it would be the only such item and, therefore, attract attention.

One of the students took me up on this suggestion and wrote a hilarious comedy set in the American west after the Civil War. Not a gunslinger but a painter makes his way west, hauling a wagon of artist's supplies: canvases, tubes of pigment, linseed oil and turpentine, brushes, a pallet and the like. New towns are springing up across the landscape and each has a brand new saloon, and every saloon needs a naked lady above the bar. Our protagonist arrives in one town and then the next, paints a naked lady to hang above the bar, and in exchange receives room and board from the owner, plus provisions to enable him to continue his journey.

At one town the mayor is a Victorian-style prude, who doesn't think there should be pictures of naked ladies in the saloon or anywhere else. He is particularly disturbed by the portrait of the naked lady painted above the bar in his town, as she appears strikingly similar to his wife, right down to a wen in a particularly intimate spot on her body. One would have to know her very, very well indeed to know about that particular portion of her skin.

When the script was finished I referred it to a producer pal of mine who had made an iconic film reminiscent of this script. He read it immediately and promptly acquired the rights, though it was merely a low ball option--very little money--and only for a month. Many writers don't seem to understand that a short option is better than a long one. With a short option the writer gives away less. There's more pressure on the producer to--what else?--produce. Only the other day I overheard two writers bragging to each other about options they had sold. One was for six months. The second boasted that his was superior: a year. Talk about being unclear on the subject! It's like the old joke about Philadelphia. There's a contest; first prize is a week in Philadelphia; second prize is two weeks in Philadelphia.

The writer of the western was shown around Hollywood under the best circumstances. He was not shown around by himself: they wouldn't have read him. He was not shown around by his agent; he didn't have an agent. But even if he had an agent it's not as good as being shown around by a producer with a track record for making hit movies who wants to make your movie. This writer, therefore, was not read by underlings but by the heads of the studios. There's nothing wrong with being read by underlings, but there's also nothing wrong with being read by the chiefs.

At the end of the diminutive option period, nobody bought the script. The writer, however, had all the rights of the project revert to him, and he got to keep the option fee. What's not to like about that? More to the point however, during that brief month he had gone from being completely unknown to being very well known.

At one studio, while they didn't want to make his western, they loved his fresh, funny voice. They had an in-house script that they had not been able to get an A-list Hollywood writer to get a handle on, and so they decided to give him a shot at it. Since he was just rewriting somebody else's script, and he'd never had any professional writing work, they only paid him ten thousand dollars. A week. With a six week guarantee. It actually took eight weeks, so he walked away with $80K, not the kind of fortune it once represented, but certainly enough to buy guacamole to carry him through Cinco de Mayo.

If that's all that he got out of it, it's not a bad deal. But it's not all he got out of it. He also won representation. Imagine you're an unrepresented writer with a major studio wanting to pay you $10K a week for a rewrite assignment. Agents and managers will line up at your door and you can pick and choose. He chose wisely and has a substantial and sustained career under way now for many years.

All of this success accrued from what? Not from homing in on the latest 'trend' but by deliberately, purposefully bucking the trend, not by following the wise course but the dumb one.

From my perch in Westwood I cannot tell you how many times I see writers waste their talent and effort and energy by ignoring the story that's in their heart, the story they want to tell, and instead writing the story they think some producer or studio may want them to tell.

It is a self-defeating prophesy from the get-go.

Writers! Stop working in your heads and work in your hearts. Screenwriting success is not about thinking but feeling. If the writer herself doesn't truly care about what she is writing, why would any producer?

# # #

Follow Richard Walter on Facebook to stay in the “screenwriting know” by “liking” his fan page: www.facebook.com/richardwalterucla

About the Author: Richard Walter

Richard Walter is a celebrated storytelling guru, movie industry expert, and longtime chairman of UCLA’s legendary graduate program in screenwriting. A screenwriter and published novelist, his latest book, Essentials of Screenwriting, is available in stores now. Professor Walter lectures throughout North America and the world and serves as a court authorized expert in intellectual property litigation. For more information and to order the new Essentials of Screenwriting, visit www.richardwalter.com. Richard can be reached at rwalter@tft.ucla.edu.

Copyright ® 2011 Richard Walter

Striking Gold: A Copyeditor Can Make Your Manuscript Shine

by Catherine Viel

(First of two articles on copyediting. Reprinted from Ink Byte Magazine.)

What's the best way to choose a freelance editor? By asking the right questions and understanding the level of editing your manuscript needs. Once you've decided your book deserves the extra attention (and extra potential for sale), the true challenge is finding just the right copyeditor for you and your prose. Here's a place to start.

What is my budget? Expect to pay from below $1,000 to several thousand dollars to have your book edited. Pricing depends on many factors, including the length of the book, the amount and type of editing required, the overall condition and complexity of the manuscript, your expected turnaround time, and the experience of the editor. Seasoned copyeditors should be able to provide a time/cost estimate after seeing your manuscript, but don't expect to receive a firm bid if you can't supply a substantial sample (preferably the entire manuscript).

How soon does it need to be done? Many editors are booked up for weeks or months with multiple projects, so if you're on a tight deadline, this might be the first thing you should ask.

How much editing does my manuscript need? Make your best guess as to whether your book needs a light going-over for minor grammar and syntax issues and mechanics such as capitalization and hyphenation, or if it would benefit from a more analytical, content-focused approach. Ask your potential copyeditor to describe the levels of editing he provides and what he does for each level. This should be along the lines of light, medium, or heavy edit. Semantics vary in this profession, so make sure that if you want a line edit, your editor can explain what that means to him—and it agrees with what you want done. In the end, like it or not, your editor may determine that your manuscript needs a more detailed and time-consuming edit than you thought it did. That's why it is essential to get several bids on editing your manuscript. If three different editors tell you it needs a heavy edit that will take a month to accomplish, that's probably what it needs.

Is face time important to me, or am I comfortable with an all-electronic and phone relationship? Many freelance editors never see their author-clients, and excellent work is still accomplished. If you're in a smaller town or out-of-the-way locale, you may have no choice but to work via the Internet. If it is important to you, and you think there's a good chance you can find someone local to work with, give it a shot by searching the EFA database or even Craigslist (see resources at the end of this article).

Am I self-publishing or do I intend to submit to agents or publishers? If you're self-publishing, you have more leeway with making certain editorial decisions, though generally you'll want to follow the guidelines in the Chicago Manual of Style. If you plan to submit to an agent or publisher, ensuring that your editor is thoroughly versed in Chicago is essential. Wherever your manuscript is headed, partnering with a copyeditor who has the appropriate expertise and knowledge is of paramount importance to creating the most bulletproof book possible.

To sum up, to prepare for your copyeditor search: finish your manuscript, think about what your budget can handle, and figure out how much editing your manuscript needs. (The only time you won't need a complete manuscript is if you're looking for a developmental editor or ghostwriter, but that is a subject for another column.) Begin by emailing two or three copyeditors and describing the project particulars. When you talk to the candidates, have a list of questions, take notes during your conversation, and ask for bids. Perhaps most important of all, pay attention to your gut and gauge your comfort level with each candidate. You must feel you can trust your editor and can communicate freely and easily during the often lengthy process of having your book edited.

Last but not least, you're perfectly within your rights as a consumer to request a short sample edit from potential editors before making your decision.

Resources for finding copyeditors The Editorial Freelancers Association (EFA) (www.the-efa.org) and the Bay Area Editors' Forum (www.editorsforum.org) both have searchable listings of individual editors, and the EFA has a free job board you can submit your project to. (Be warned: you may receive literally hundreds of responses if you post to the JobList. Sometimes it's better to search the member database and contact several editors individually.) You can also check advertisements and listings in Writers Market online, the Writer magazine, Poets & Writers, and Writer's Digest. For the adventurous, there's Craigslist... look under writing/editing/translating services ("write/ed/tr8"). If you do find someone on Craigslist, it might be prudent to do a little checking into their bona fides. Most professional copyeditors maintain a website—ask your Craigslist candidate for their URL. Find out how many books they've edited, and request the titles and publishers of a couple of them. Membership in the EFA or another editorial organization, a college degree in English, journalism, or communications, a copyediting certificate from a legitimate provider (like a university), and/or relevant work experience should assuage any doubts. And of course, checking references is always a good idea.

Interested in a career as a copyeditor (or even just improving your self-editing skills)? Several institutions offer in-person and online classes and certificate programs, including UC Berkeley and UC San Diego. The Editorial Freelancers Association offers classes as well. For a thorough grounding in how to copyedit, read the text and do the exercises in The Copyeditor's Handbook by Amy Einsohn. Finally, an entire education in itself is to read all thousand-plus pages of the Chicago Manual of Style (get the newest edition, 16—or subscribe to the online version).

Learn more about this complex topic by exploring the extensive resources and FAQ pages on Catherine Viel's website, www.writecat.com. Or send her an email with your questions, writecat@cox.net. She'd love to hear from you and help you solve your copyediting conundrums.

Santa Barbara Literary Scene Dead? by Melinda Palacio

Gone are the downtown bookstores. We grumbled when two big Box bookstores moved to State and Carrillo. Barnes and Noble, then Borders, squeezed out the Earthling and forced the independent store out of business. The town took years to warm up to Borders, but we took advantage of the space with poetry open mics, book signings, musical and literary performances, and a meeting place for residents and writers. Apparently, these stores were big enough to fail. Soon, talk of bankruptcy replaced book talk.

The idea of being a respected author in Santa Barbara is also fading. Last year, after my eye exam, my optometrist asked me the usual questions. I told her about my various publishing credits and when I paid my bill, she called out, “Author in the House.” Her assistants turned over appointment books and scrolled through the computer’s database for a patient named Arthur. “Let me know about a future book signing,” her words trailed off. The optometrist is across the mall from a closed Borders.

Some might respond that we still have used bookstores left in Santa Barbara and independent, Chaucer’s Books. However, none of those well-meaning establishments has the downtown space for readings, meetings, or the coffee shop that big bad Borders had.

The book tour is another endangered dream as more readers buy books online. Why travel a thousand miles to read to a crowd who may not even buy your book when you can do a virtual tour? Unless you’re football star who has published a memoir or you’re a poet, outfitted by Oprah’s magazine team, the book signing audience will most likely consist only of writers who are supporting each other. Perhaps this is why the star-studded town of sleepy Santa Barbara has decided to allow the city’s Book and Author Fair to be canceled, with no one stepping up to show that the town values authors and their work.

The internet cannot adequately replace the experience of a book signing and discussion with a handful of people, willing to weather a rainstorm. Daniel Olivas reminds us of the importance of connecting with readers:

“As I’ve noted before, writing is a lonely endeavor, but when I get to participate in book readings, the loneliness dissipates and I am reminded why I write. That personal connection with readers fills me with energy and inspiration…I wouldn’t write another word if I couldn’t participate in such literary events.”

The roles of agents and publishers are being challenged thanks to the virtual store that cannot be contained: Amazon. Anyone can publish and sell a book on Amazon and a lucky few, such as 26-year-old Amanda Hocking, are making millions. Santa Barbara literary agent, Toni Lopopolo has her own view of these changes:

“Well written novels, at least those with a good story, get published, not self-published. What I do like is that smaller publishers are springing up who publish a limited number of books each season. Some of them have great business plans and put their major efforts into marketing. You don’t get that with the major publishers unless you receive a large advance.”

There are many writers in this town who keep trudging away at their craft, even though they realize that book advances and seeing their names in print, may be a dream.

After an absence of two years, the Santa Barbara Writers Conference starts up again, June-18-23, and this year, Bilingual Press will publish my novel, Ocotillo Dreams, this Summer. April is National Poetry Month. Santa Barbara shows there’s life in the local literary scene by electing a new city poet laureate, Paul Willis, and by hosting poetry events throughout the month. I will host a free reading by the Santa Barbara Sunday Poets April 23 at the Karpeles Manuscript Library from 3-5pm, 21 W Anapamu Street.

Melinda Palacio's debut novel Ocotillo Dreams will be out this July. This post first appeared on La Bloga. For more by Melinda Palacio, visit her website.

Diana Raab Blogs: Beginning your Memoir

Often times people write memoir to try to come to terms with an event in their lives. For many people this type of writing is both cathartic and healing. There are numerous ways to begin thinking about writing your memoir, but one idea is to start thinking about what aspect of your life you would like to write about. To help with this decision, here are some questions to consider:

1) What’s going through your head?

2) Who are your villains? Who are your heroes?

3) What are you obsessed by?

4) What inspires you?

Keep in mind that many published writers say their best story ideas come to them when they’re not sitting at their desk ‘working,’ but rather when they’re simply living life. It is therefore important to remain alert to those special moments in your everyday life. This is why I suggest that all writers carry a notebook or journal. You just never know when an idea will strike. It might be while you are reading the daily news, when you have a conversation with a loved one or friend or when you are driving down the freeway and have to pull aside to write.

Remember, the creative life is a journey in that it is unpredictable, unstructured, mysterious and laden with miracles. There is no time like the present to begin. So crack open your notebook and write about the first thing that pops into your head!

Hope to see you in June where I will help you shape some of your ideas into a working structure for your memoir.

**

Now is the best time to start thinking about your memoir. Why? Because:

1)    April is Stress Awareness Month

2)    May is Mental Health Awareness Month

3)    Writing memoir is often about writing for healing

4)    To prepare for my workshop “From Journal to Memoir”

by Diana M. Raab, MFA, RN

http://www.dianaraab.com/

 

Catherine Ann Jones Blogs: Why The King’s Speech won the Oscar?

This is my first year not to vote for either the Oscars or the Emmys simply because I did not pay dues this year. In order to vote, I had wearied of seeing the Hollywood contenders, for the shows I wished to see were fewer and fewer these past years.However, this year there were at least two fine films: The King’s Speech and Winter Bones. One was from England and the latter, a small independent American film. Where is Hollywood? Making blockbusters, of course.

Yet I want to speak on why The King’s Speech was a predictable winner this year. Of course, it is a well-structured screenplay with a fine cast and director, this goes without saying. There are some other points which may interest writers though.

1) Like Seabiscuit (novel & later Oscar-nominated film), Laura Hillenbrand infused her story with the conflict in her own life, i.e., her challenge of living with chronic fatigue syndrome. All three of her characters had to overcome great obstacles – and the horse, too. Similarly, The King’s Speech, written first as a play by an unknown David Seidler, was infused with his lifelong struggle as a stutterer. This gave the character emotional power. So the moral is dare to be personal. If not, the details of your own life, then make your story emotionally autobiographical.

2) The well-structured story set in WW II England had a myriad of plotlines as the backstory such as Hitler, WWII, abdication of the King and a new King reluctantly taking the crown, etc., yet the dramatic story was singularly focused about a man who would be king lacking self-confidence whose stuttering is the main symptom.

3) The conflict and dramatic action is singularly focused between two characters, the speech therapist and the soon to be King of England. As Aristotle knew, this singular focus of theme and time and place creates great drama.

4) The main character, splendidly played by Oscar winner Colin Firth, was written with a wide transformational arc. That is, he began as a shy, terrified man who was transformed by the relationship with his speech therapist/friend into a confident and strong monarch.

5) A protagonist with a tragic flaw or imperfection is one everyone can identify with. So the moral is dare to be personal, write about what you feel strongly about, write a three-dimensional character-driven focused story with a clear thematic thru-line.

Catherine Ann Jones www.wayofstory.com